NCERT Solutions Class 8 Maths Chapter 3 — Rational Numbers

Solution:

Step 1: A rational number is any number that can be written as a fraction p/q, where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0.

Step 2: 3/7 is already in p/q form with p = 3 and q = 7.

Step 3: √2, √5, and π are irrational numbers.

Solution:

Step 1: The additive identity is the number that, when added to any number, gives the same number.

Step 2: For any rational number a/b: [a/b + 0 = a/b]

Solution:

Step 1: The multiplicative identity is 1.

Step 2: For any rational number a/b: [a/b × 1 = a/b]

Solution:

Step 1: The additive inverse of a/b is -a/b.

Step 2: Additive inverse of 3/5: [-(3/5) = -3/5]

Step 3: Verification: [3/5 + (-3/5) = 0 ✓]

Solution:

Step 1: The reciprocal of a/b is b/a.

Step 2: Reciprocal of 2/7: [7/2]

Step 3: Verification: [2/7 × 7/2 = 14/14 = 1 ✓]